Monthly Archives: February 2015

Technology Tuesday

New Technology Trainer

Kate Browne recently joined ITS as a Technology Trainer. Kate previously worked as a Mellon Grant fellow in the Writing Program, and has experience in technology curriculum development at ISU and the McLean County State’s Attorney’s Office. She is also an English Studies PhD student at ISU writing her dissertation on the role of technology in women’s life writing and critical disability pedagogies. Kate’s favorite tech includes Evernote, animated GIFs, and speech recognition software. Stop by her office in the Thorpe Center at Ames (301D) and say hi!
 
mitel phoneUPCOMING EVENT: Mitel Phone Training
 
ITS invites all faculty and staff to a Mitel phone training session on Thursday, February 19. These interactive sessions led by a Mitel trainer will feature demonstrations of advanced phone functions like programmable buttons, personalized menus, and voicemail distribution lists. We can even show you how to turn on “Do Not Disturb” with one button. Your office phone may not have a touch screen, but it’s still pretty smart!We will hold four, 50-minute sessions from 8am to noon in Ames 129. Use this Google form to RSVP for the session of your choice: http://goo.gl/h10JFu
Protip: Creating Strong Passwords
Strong passwords are important to keep your digital information secure. Generally, a strong password is made up of lowercase & uppercase letters, numbers, and symbols, and does not contain dictionary words. This Google video has some great ideas on how to generate a strong password.
If you have a hard time remembering all those letters, numbers, and symbols, try a password template. To make a template, come up with a phrase you can easily remember and pull the first letter of each word. “today will be the best day” becomes the password phrase “twbtbd.” Add a capital letter that corresponds to the service you’re logging in to and a symbol. Your banking password can be “twbtbdB!” and your Facebook password can be “twbtbdF!” and your Google password can be “twbtbdG!” and so on.
For services you don’t log in to very often, a password template can help you remember without being locked out for multiple incorrect attempts. Bonus: when it’s time to change your passwords (every three months or so!), you can change your passwords easily by changing the symbol.To create completely unique passwords without a template, try a password generator like this one from LastPass!

Questions or Concerns? If you need additional assistance, please call the Information Technology Services Help Desk at 309-556-3900, e-mailit@iwu.edu, or use the online support request form at http://help.iwu.edu/

 

February 9th in the Library and History

Interested in learning what’s going on in Ames Library this week? How about what happened on this day in 1971? Read on!

Wednesday, 4pm, Beckman Auditorium – Visiting Assistant Professor of English Brandi Reissenweber will read from her current fiction manuscript, “Where We Found the Girls,” and discuss the relationship between research and imagination in the fiction writing process. Drawing from her writing experience, Reissenweber will discuss the interactions of characterization and scientific detail–in this case, the particulars of elephants–and the unique insights they reveal about the individual human experience. Research for this presentation was supported by a Mellon Humanities Fellowship provided by Illinois Wesleyan University’s “Re-centering the Humanities” initiative. This event is sponsored by the English Department and Tributaries.

Thursday, 7pm, Beckman Auditorium – “No Man’s Land” (2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina), presented by Associate Professor of Political Science Kathleen Montgomery.

Friday, 4pm, Beckman Auditorium – Part of the Perspectives on Civil Rights and Race Lecture Series sponsored by the Political Science Department, this lecture will be presented by Dianne Pinderhughes, professor of political science, University of Notre Dame. These lectures are made possible through generous grants provided by the Betty Ritchie-Birrer ’47 and Ivan Birrer Endowment Fund, the Division of Student Affairs and the Office of Diversity and Inclusion.

Instruction Lab, Room 129

  • Monday, 8am – Hispanic Studies 280
  • Monday, 11am – Hispanic Studies 230
  • Wednesday, 12pm – Writing Tutors Workshop
  • Thursday, 9:15am – Political Science 225
  • Thursday, 1:10pm – History 316
  • Friday, 1pm – Biology 209

Beckman Auditorium

  • Monday, 6pm – Gateway 100 – Madness Film
  • Tuesday, all morning – Board of Trustees
  • Wednesday, 2pm – CUPP
  • Wednesday, 4pm – Brandi Reissenweber Reading
  • Thursday, 10:50am – Sociology 305
  • Thursday, 4:30pm – Star Literacy
  • Thursday, 7pm – International Film Series
  • Friday, 3:50pm – Civil Rights and Race Lecture Series
  • Friday, 7pm – Philosophy Club

Meeting Room 214

  • Tuesday, 10am – OCLC presentation
  • Tuesday, 1pm – Assessment Committee Meeting
  • Tuesday, 4:30pm – Star Literacy
  • Wednesday, 9am – Star Literacy
  • Thursday, 1pm – CUPP
  • Friday, 10am – Proquest presentation
  • Friday, 2pm – SirsiDynix presentation

———-

On this day in 1971, pitcher Leroy “Satchel” Paige becomes the first Negro League veteran to be nominated for the Baseball Hall of Fame. In August of that year, Paige, a pitching legend known for his fastball, showmanship and the longevity of his playing career, which spanned five decades, was inducted. Joe DiMaggio once called Paige “the best and fastest pitcher I’ve ever faced.”

LeroyPaigePaige was born in Mobile, Alabama, most likely on July 7, 1906, although the exact date remains a mystery. He earned his nickname, Satchel, as a boy when he earned money carrying passengers’ bags at train stations. Baseball was segregated when Paige started playing baseball professionally in the 1920s, so he spent most of his career pitching for Negro League teams around the United States. During the winter season, he pitched for teams in the Caribbean and Central and South America. As a barnstorming player who traveled thousands of miles each season and played for whichever team met his asking price, he pitched an estimated 2,500 games, had 300 shut-outs and 55 no-hitters. In one month in 1935, he reportedly pitched 29 consecutive games.

In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke baseball’s color barrier and became the first African American to play in the Major Leagues when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers. The following year, Paige also entered the majors, signing with the Cleveland Indians and becoming, at age 42, baseball’s oldest rookie. He helped the Indians win the pennant that year and later played for the St. Louis Browns and Kansas City A’s.

Paige retired from the majors in 1953, but returned in 1965 to pitch three innings for the Kansas City A’s. He was 59 at the time, making him the oldest person ever to play in the Major Leagues. In addition to being famous for his talent and longevity, Paige was also well-known for his sense of humor and colorful observations on life, including: “Don’t look back. Something might be gaining on you” and “Age is a question of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter.”

He died June 8, 1982, in Kansas City, Missouri.

Frisky Fiction Friday

Reading a little everyday has long term effects (all good) and we’ve got some suggestions for you.  Have you checked out the library’s IDEA WALL? February is all about “What’s Your Passion?” and features 15 contemporary and classic novels about passion and love. Come by and share your passion!

IMG_20150206_073707[1]Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen (1813) PR4034.P72 J36 1987

Sparks fly when spirited Elizabeth Bennet meets single, rich, and proud Mr. Darcy. But Mr. Darcy reluctantly finds himself falling in love with a woman beneath his class. Can each overcome their own pride and prejudice?

The Princess Bride by William Goldman (1992) PS3557.O384 P7 1992

William Goldman’s modern fantasy classic is a simple, exceptional story about quests—for riches, revenge, power, and, of course, true love—that’s thrilling and timeless.

Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1964)  PS3525.I972 G6 1964A

In the two main characters, the white-shouldered, irresistible Scarlett and the flashy, contemptuous Rhett, Margaret Mitchell not only conveyed a timeless story of survival under the harshest of circumstances, she also created two of the most famous lovers in the English-speaking world since Romeo and Juliet.

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte (1847) PR4167 .J35 1969

Having grown up an orphan in the home of her cruel aunt and at a harsh charity school, Jane Eyre becomes an independent and spirited survivor-qualities that serve her well as governess at Thornfield Hall. But when she finds love with her sardonic employer, Rochester, the discovery of his terrible secret forces her to make a choice. Should she stay with him whatever the consequences or follow her convictions, even if it means leaving her beloved?

Bet Me by Jennifer Crusie (2004)

Minerva Dobbs knows that happily-ever-after is a fairy tale, especially with a man who asked her to dinner to win a bet. When they say good-bye at the end of their evening, they cut their losses and agree never to see each other again. But Fate has other plans, and it’s not long before Min and Cal meet again. Soon, they’re dealing with more risky propositions than either of them ever dreamed of, including the biggest gamble of all-true love.

I’ve Got Your Number by (2013)

Poppy Wyatt is about to marry her ideal man, Magnus Tavish, but in one afternoon her “happily ever after” begins to fall apart. Not only has she lost her engagement ring but her phone is stolen too. Soon, she spots an abandoned phone in a trash can. Finders keepers! Except that the phone’s owner, businessman Sam Roxton, doesn’t agree. He wants his phone back and doesn’t appreciate Poppy reading his messages and wading into his personal life. What ensues is a hilarious and unpredictable turn of events as Poppy and Sam increasingly upend each other’s lives through emails and text messages. As Poppy juggles wedding preparations, mysterious phone calls, and hiding her left hand from Magnus and his parents, she soon realizes that she is in for the biggest surprise of her life.

The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger (2003)

A dazzling novel in the most untraditional fashion, this is the remarkable story of Henry DeTamble, a dashing, adventuresome librarian who travels involuntarily through time, and Clare Abshire, an artist whose life takes a natural sequential course. Henry and Clare’s passionate love affair endures across a sea of time and captures the two lovers in an impossibly romantic trap, and it is Audrey Niffenegger’s cinematic storytelling that makes the novel’s unconventional chronology so vibrantly triumphant.

Outlander (Outlander #1) by Diana Gabaldon (1991)

The year is 1945. Claire Randall, a former combat nurse, is just back from the war and reunited with her husband on a second honeymoon when she walks through a standing stone in one of the ancient circles that dot the British Isles. Suddenly she is a Sassenach—an “outlander”—in a Scotland torn by war and raiding border clans in the year of Our Lord . . . 1743. Hurled back in time, Claire is catapulted into the intrigues of lairds and spies that may threaten her life, and shatter her heart. For here James Fraser, a gallant young Scots warrior, shows her a love so absolute that Claire becomes a woman torn between fidelity and desire—and between two vastly different men in two irreconcilable lives.

Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray (1847) PR5618 .W57 1987

No one is better equipped in the struggle for wealth and worldly success than the alluring and ruthless Becky Sharp, who defies her impoverished background to clamber up the class ladder. Her sentimental companion Amelia, however, longs only for caddish soldier George. As the two heroines make their way through the tawdry glamour of Regency society, battles—military and domestic—are fought, fortunes made and lost. The one steadfast and honourable figure in this corrupt world is Dobbin with his devotion to Amelia, bringing pathos and depth to Thackeray’s gloriously satirical epic of love and social adventure.

A Knight to Remember by Bridget Essex (2014)

A book-obsessed librarian, Holly dreams of a woman who will sweep her off her feet–something her indifferent girlfriend has never done. But one night, magic and romance appear in Holly’s backyard in the form of a mysterious, gorgeous woman wielding a sword. The dashing stranger’s name is Virago who claims that she’s a warrior on the hunt for a great and terrible beast; that both slipped through a portal from their world into ours. Holly is now responsible for a swordswoman who is bewildered by modern-day conveniences, but not by the chivalry of sweeping a woman off her feet. Can Holly help Virago find her own world again, or will that falling-in-love thing get in the way?

Tigers and Devils (Tigers and Devils #1) by Sean Kennedy  (2009)

Despite his loneliness, Simon Murray is always cautious about looking for more than friends. Then his best friends drag him to a party, where he meets star forward Declan Tyler. In that first awkward meeting, neither man has any idea they will change each other’s lives forever. But as the two form a relationship, keeping Declan’s homosexuality a secret from friends and the media becomes difficult. Nothing can stay hidden forever. Soon Declan will have to choose between the career he loves and the man he wants.

Almost Like Being in Love by Steve Kluger (2004)

A high school jock and nerd fall in love senior year, only to part after an amazing summer of discovery to attend their respective colleges, and slowly drift apart. Flash forward twenty years. Travis and Craig both have great lives, but something is missing. Travis realizes he’s still in love with Craig, and he’s going after the boy who captured his heart, no matter what it takes. Told in narrative, letters, checklists, and more, this is the must-read novel for anyone who’s wondered what ever happened to that first great love.

Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë (1847)

This is a wild, passionate story of the intense and almost demonic love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, a foundling adopted by Catherine’s father. After Mr Earnshaw’s death, Heathcliff is bullied and humiliated by Catherine’s brother and wrongly believing that his love for Catherine is not reciprocated, leaves Wuthering Heights, only to return years later as a wealthy and polished man. He proceeds to exact a terrible revenge for his former miseries. The action of the story is chaotic and unremittingly violent, but the accomplished handling of a complex structure, the evocative descriptions of the lonely moorland setting and the poetic grandeur of vision combine to make this unique novel a masterpiece of English literature.

Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami (1987)

Toru, a quiet and preternaturally serious young college student in Tokyo, is devoted to Naoko, a beautiful and introspective young woman, but their mutual passion is marked by the tragic death of their best friend years before. Toru begins to adapt to campus life and the loneliness and isolation he faces there, but Naoko finds the pressures and responsibilities of life unbearable.  As she retreats further into her own world, Toru finds himself reaching out to others and drawn to a fiercely independent and liberated young woman.

The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall (1928)

Stephen Gordon is an Englishwoman from an upper-class family whose “sexual inversion” (homosexuality) is apparent from an early age. She finds love with Mary Llewellyn, whom she meets while serving as an ambulance driver in World War I, but their happiness together is marred by social isolation and rejection, which Radclyffe Hall depicts as having a debilitating effect on inverts. The novel portrays inversion as a natural, God-given state and makes an explicit plea: “Give us also the right to our existence”

#tbt Apollo 14

On this day in 1971, Apollo 14 landed on the moon.

From Wikipedia: “Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the United StatesApollo program, and the third to land on the Moon. It was the last of the “H missions,” targeted landings with two-day stays on the Moon with two lunar EVAs, or moonwalks.

apollo 14Commander Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa, and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell launched on their nine-day mission on January 31, 1971 at 4:04:02 pm local time after a 40 minute, 2 second delay due to launch site weather restrictions, the first such delay in the Apollo program.[2] Shepard and Mitchell made their lunar landing on February 5 in the Fra Mauro formation; this had originally been the target of the aborted Apollo 13 mission. During the two lunar EVAs, 42 kilograms (93 lb) of Moon rocks were collected and severalsurface experiments, including seismic studies, were performed. Shepard famously hit two golf balls on the lunar surface with a makeshift club he had brought from Earth. Shepard and Mitchell spent about 33 hours on the Moon, with about 9½ hours on EVA.

While Shepard and Mitchell were on the surface, Roosa remained in lunar orbit aboard the Command/Service ModuleKitty Hawk, performing scientific experiments and photographing the Moon, including the landing site of the future Apollo 16mission. He took several hundred seeds on the mission, many of which were germinated on return, resulting in the so-called Moon trees. Shepard, Roosa, and Mitchell landed in the Pacific Oceanon February 9.”

 

Wikipedia Wednesday

The following article originally appeared on Finding Dulcinea, Librarian of the Internet, by Mark E. Moran:

The Top 10 Reasons Students Cannot Cite or Rely On Wikipedia
Wikipedia provides Internet users with millions of articles on a broad range of topics, and commonly ranks first in search engines. But its reliability and credibility fall well short of the standards for a school paper. According to Wikipedia itself, “[W]hile some articles are of the highest quality of scholarship, others are admittedly complete rubbish. … use [Wikipedia] with an informed understanding of what it is and what it isn’t.”
10. You must never fully rely on any one source for important information.
Everyone makes mistakes. All scholarly journals and newspapers contain “corrections” sections in which they acknowledge errors in their prior work. And even the most neutral writer is sometimes guilty of not being fully objective. Thus, you must take a skeptical approach to everything you read.The focus of your search should be on finding accurate information and forming a full picture of an issue, rather than believing the first thing you read. This is particularly true on the Internet, where anyone can publish, cheaply and quickly. Always verify important information by confirming it with multiple sources.9. You especially can’t rely on something when you don’t even know who wrote it.
Very few Wikipedia editors and contributors use their real name or provide any information about who they are. In order to properly evaluate information on the Internet, there are three questions you must always ask; the first two are “Who wrote this?” and “Why did they write it?” On sites with anonymous authors like Wikipedia, you can’t find this information.wikipedia8.  The contributor with an agenda often prevails.
In theory, the intellectual sparring at the heart of Wikipedia’s group editing process results in a consensus that removes unreliable contributions and edits. But often the contributor who “wins” is not the one with the soundest information, but rather the one with the strongest agenda.

In March 2009, Irish student Shane Fitzgerald, who was conducting research on the Internet and globalization of information, posted a fake quotation on the Wikipedia article about recently deceased French composer Maurice Jarre. Due to the fact that the quote was not attributed to a reliable source, it was removed several times by editors, but Fitzgerald continued re-posting it until it was allowed to remain.

Fitzgerald was startled to learn that several major newspapers picked up the quote and published it in obituaries, confirming his suspicions of the questionable ways in which journalists use Web sites, and Wikipedia, as a reliable source. Fitzgerald e-mailed the newspapers letting them know that the quote was fabricated; he believes that otherwise, they might never have found out.

7. Individuals with agendas sometimes have significant editing authority.
Administrators on Wikipedia have the power to delete or disallow comments or articles they disagree with and support the viewpoints they approve. For example, beginning in 2003, U.K. scientist William Connolley became a Web site administrator and subsequently wrote or rewrote more than 5,000 Wikipedia articles supporting the concept of climate change and global warming. More importantly, he used his authority to ban more than 2,000 contributors with opposing viewpoints from making further contributions.

According to The Financial Post, when Connolley was through editing, “The Medieval Warm Period disappeared, as did criticism of the global warming orthodoxy.” Connolley has since been stripped of authority at Wikipedia, but one blogger believes he continues to post.

Furthermore, in 2007, a new program called WikiScanner uncovered individuals with a clear conflict of interest that had written or edited some Wikipedia entries. Employees from organizations such as the CIA, the Democratic National Party and Diebold were editing Wikipedia entries in their employers’ favor.

6. Sometimes “vandals” create malicious entries that go uncorrected for months.
Due to the fact that Wikipedia can be edited by anyone with an Internet connection, users can falsify entries. Though in many instances reviewers quickly delete this “vandalism,” occasionally false information can remain on Wikipedia for extended periods of time.

For example, John Seigenthaler, a former assistant to Robert Kennedy, was falsely implicated in the assassinations of the Kennedy brothers on his Wikipedia biography for a period of more than 100 days without his knowledge.

5. There is little diversity among editors.
According to a 2009 survey by the Wikimedia Foundation, 87 percent of Wikipedia editors are male, with an average age of 26.8 years. According to executive director Sue Gardner, they hail mostly from Europe and North America, and many of them are in graduate school.

Although most of these editors are undoubtedly intelligent and passionate about enhancing the accuracy of Wikipedia, the site falls far short of its ideals of providing “the sum of all human knowledge” without the broad perspectives that a more diversified pool of editors would bring.

4. The number of active Wikipedia editors has flatlined.
The number of active Wikipedia editors (those who make at least five edits a month) has stopped growing. It remains to be seen whether the current number of active editors can maintain and continue updating Wikipedia.

3. It has become harder for casual participants to contribute.
According to the Palo Alto Research Center, the contributions of casual and new contributors are being reversed at a much greater rate than several years ago. The result is that a steady group of high-level editors has more control over Wikipedia than ever.

A group of editors known as “deletionists” are said to “edit first and ask questions later,” making it harder for new contributors to participate, and making it harder for Wikipedia—which, again, aspires to provide “the sum of all human knowledge”—to overcome the issue that it is controlled by a stagnant pool of editors from a limited demographic.

2. Accurate contributors can be silenced.
Deletionists on Wikipedia often rely on the argument that a contribution comes from an “unreliable source,” with the editor deciding what is reliable. An incident last year showed the degree to which editors at the very top of Wikipedia were willing to rely on this crutch when it suits their purpose.

When the Taliban kidnapped New York Times reporter David Rohde in Afghanistan, the paper convinced 40 media organizations plus Wikipedia not to report on it out of concerns that it would compromise Rohde’s safety. Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales told the Times, once Rohde was free, that “We were really helped by the fact that it (postings on Rohde) hadn’t appeared in a place we would regard as a reliable source.” Thus, Wales and other senior Wikipedia editors showed they were willing to rely on the “unreliable source” canard to delete information they had been told by a very reliable source was true, even when a more noble reason—Rohde’s safety—would have justified it.

And finally, the number one reason you can’t cite or rely on Wikipedia:

1. It says so on Wikipedia
.
Wikipedia says, “We do not expect you to trust us.” It adds that it is “not a primary source” and that “because some articles may contain errors,” you should “not use Wikipedia to make critical decisions.”

Furthermore, as Wikipedia notes in its “About” section, “Users should be aware that not all articles are of encyclopedic quality from the start: they may contain false or debatable information.”

TMI Tuesday

TMI?

Have you ever found yourself…

  • Faced with too many choices in results for your research project?
  • Uncertain of where to start looking for information?
  • Confused when you can’t figure out something like a simple definition for a word in another language?
  • Indecisive about how credible a source is?
  • Unsure if you have the right to use a certain image in your paper or if you’ve quoted and cited it correctly?

Have you ever found yourself saying, “If only there was someone on campus who could help me find this out?”

Look no further! The Ames Library is staffed with professionals who can help you. Call 309-556-3900 or ask for help in our chat box to find the right person to help you untangle the web of possibilities!

Good Morning, February!

Good morning and welcome to February! Over at Ames Library, we hope your semester is off to a good start and we want to make sure you are aware of some resources that can help get your feet firmly in place.

International students – Dr. Teddy Nikolova is available to assist you with academic writing, reading, and speaking.  She will be meeting with students in the Writing Center in Ames during the following hours:

Mondays 10:00 am – noon

Tuesdays 11:00 am – 2:00 pm
Wednesdays  10:00 am – noon
Thursdays 11:00 am – 2:00 pm
Academic Skills Series – The Divisions of Academic and Student Affairs collaborate each semester to present the Academic Skills Series, a series of 10 programs to assist students in the development of and/or strengthening of academic skills needed to be successful at IWU.The Academic Skills Series is held on the following Wednesdays from 12-12:50pm in CNS E101.  Students can pick a specific topic to join us, or attend all sessions. (FREE Papa John’s PIZZA provided for lunch!)

  • February 4 – Study smart and read efficiently 
  • February 11   –  Enhancing note and test taking skills
  • February 18 – Procrastination: Getting started on getting started
  • February 25 –  Understanding faculty expectations
  • March 4 – Manage your stress before it manages you
  • March 18 – Writing 101: Crafting strong papers
  • March 25 –  Podium skills: Improving your presentations
  • April 1 – The Ames advantage: Research skills for success
  • April 8 – Survival tips for finals

Thursday, 7pm, Beckman Auditorium – “Divided We Fall” (2000, Czech Republic), presented by Isaac Funk Professor of German and Russian and Co-director of International Studies Marina Balina.

Instruction Lab, Room 129

  • Monday, 1pm – OU Training & Lab
  • Tuesday, 9:15am – Political Science 225
  • Wednesday, 12pm – Writing Tutors Workshop
  • Thursday, 1:10pm – Prof. Robey’s Gateway
  • Thursday, 2:30 – English 352

Beckman Auditorium

  • Monday, 7:30pm – Nursing 218
  • Tuesday, 1:10pm – Sociology 222
  • Tuesday, 8pm – NSLS Orientation
  • Wednesday, 6pm – Women’s Health Gateway
  • Thursday, 1:10pm – International Politics of East Asia
  • Thursday, 7pm – International Film Series
  • Friday, 7pm – Philosophy Club

Meeting Room 214

  • Monday, 9;30am – Network Meeting
  • Tuesday, 1pm – Assessment Committee Meeting
  • Tuesday, 3pm – Kanopy Presentation
  • Tuesday, 4:30pm – Star Literacy
  • Wednesday, 9am – Star Literacy
  • Wednesday, 11:30pm – Theatre Recruitment
  • Wednesday, 2pm – CUPP
  • Thursday, 1pm – CUPP
  • Thursday, 4:30pm – Star Literacy
  • Friday, 2pm – Portal Meeting

treaty guadalupeThe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

There shall be firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic…Article I, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in village of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, ending the Mexican War and extending the boundaries of the United States west to the Pacific Ocean.

The terms of the agreement confirmed U.S. claims to Texas and established the border between the U.S. and Mexico at the Rio Grande and the Gila River. The treaty also granted the U.S. more than 525,000 square miles of former Mexican territory that includes present-day California, Nevada, Utah, most of New Mexico and Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. In exchange, the U.S. paid Mexico $15 million for the territory and agreed to assume the claims of American citizens against the Mexican government, a sum of approximately $3 million. This treaty, along with the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, completed the continental expansion of the United States.